Orientation in Space II 
 
Orientation in Space II introduces and provides students’ practice in the use of external, stable, and absolute systems of reference. Geographical concepts such as compass points, coordinates, and graphs are used to describe relationships and an object’s orientation in space. Students have to simultaneously apply the relative (internal) system of reference and the absolute (external) system of reference to describe and understand spatial relationships. 
 Definition of the problem. 
 Comparison of alternative solutions. 
 Summing right and left turns and finding their equivalents in fractions of a circle. 
 Projection and description of spatial relationships in terms of relative and absolute systems of reference. 
 Hypothetical thinking in considering alternative solutions. 
 Use of logic in the integration of two systems.